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Masivi: Xitsonga Grammar

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Masivi: Xitsonga Grammar Risivi i rito leri kotaka ku yima evundhawini bya riviti ri tlhela ri tirha ntirho wa riviti ra kona. Ku na tinxaka tinharhu ta maviti. Tinxaka ta kona hi leti landzelaka : Risivinene

Risivi leri ri vumbiwile hi xilandzi xa risivi -na, lexi rhangeriwaka hi xiphemu xa

xitwananisi xa risivi eka masivi ya munhu wa vunharhu ni xiphemu xa risivi -o.

Xik: rona, vona, swona, byona.

a)  Matirhele ya risivinene

Risivinene ri nga tirhisiwa hi tindlela leti landzelaka:

  1. Ku va nhlokomhaka. Xik:tona ta rima, vona va dya.
    1. Ku va xiendliwa. Xik: ndzi ba tona, va xanisa dyona.
    1. Ku tiyisisa leswi hi swi vulaka hi nga tirhisa risivi xikan’we na riviti ra kona. Xik: vanhu vona va bihe timbilu, tona timbyana ta luma.
    1. Loko hi ri tirhisa ni swin’wana swihluvi swa mbulavulo. Xik: vona lavakulu, dyona i dyinene.

(a)   Masivintalo

Kuna tinxaka tinharhu ta masivintalo

  1. Lama endliweke hi rimintsu (-HINKWA-)

Eka rixaka leri ku tirhisiwa swiaki swo twananisaleswi engeteriwaka endzhaku ka rimintsu /-HINKWA-/

Xik: hinkwayo, hinkwavo, hinkwaswo.

  1. Lama endliwaka hi nsinya -xe

Masivintalo lama na wona ya ni swiaki swo twananisa leswi hi swi kumaka eka masivinene, kambe munhu wo sungula ni wa vumbirhi swiaki leswi a swi fani. Xik: ndzexe, wexe, voxe.

  1. Lama endliweke hi rimintsu swa-

Masivi lama ya fana ni lama endliwaka hi nsinya -xe, kambe eka rixaka leri rimintsu swa- ra rhangisiwa eka swiaki swo twananisa Xik: swanga, swenu, swavo.

(b)   Masivikomba

Masivikomba ya komba tindhawu tinharhu laha ku nga na xivulavuri, laha ku nga na xivulavulelwa ni le

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