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Tinxaka ta Maendli: Xitsonga Grammar

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Maendli yini

Tinxaka ta Maendli: Xitsonga Grammar Maendli i marito lama hi byelaka leswi endlekaka kumbe leswi humelelaka. Maendli ya hi komba leswaku nhlokomhaka yi endla swin’wana kumbe xiendliwa xi endleriwa swin’wana. Maendli a ya swi koti ku tirha ya ri woxe, ya tirha na switwananisi, swipfuneti kumbe ni swihluvi swin’wana swa mbulavulo.

Tinxaka ta maendli

Kuna tinxaka to hambanahambana ta maendli, tinxaka leti ti avanyisiwile hi nhlayo ya mapeletwana lama kumekaka eka riendli rin’wana na rin’wana.tinxaka ta kona hi leti landzelaka:

  • Maendli lama nga na peletwana rin’we Xikombiso: -dya; -twa; -wa ; -fa na man’wana.
  • Maendli lama nga na mapeletwana mabbirhi

Xikombiso: -tirha; -sweka;  -yiva;; – huhwa; -hlamba na man’wana.

  • Maendli lama nga na mapeletwana manyingi. Lama I maendli lama nga na mapeletwana manharhu kumbe ku tlula.

Xikombiso: -tsutsuma; -yimbelela; -vulavula, -hangunuxa na man’wana.

Marhavi ya maendli

Eka giredi ya le hansi mi dyondzile hi maendli, mi tlhela mi dyondza hi marhavi ya maendli, kutani sweswi mi ta endla mpfuxeto hi marhavi ya maendli.

Tinxaka ta marhavi ya maendli

Rhavi ra Xikongomelo

Rhavi leri ri komba leswaku nchumu lowu endliwaka wu ni xikongomelo Rhavi leri ri tihlawulekisa hi xilandzi -el-. Xik: tirhela, tsalela

Rhavi ra Xitwisiwo

Rhavi leri ri komba leswaku nchumu wun’wana wu xangeriwa swin’wana. Rhavi leri ri vonaka hi xilandzi -iw-. Xik: rhumiwa; lumiwa

Rhavi ra Xihlamulano

Rhavi leri ri hi komba leswaku minchumu mimbirhi kumbe yo tala yi tirha ntirho wun’we hi ndlela yo tlheriselana.

Rhavi leri ri vonaka hi xilandzi -an-/-anan-. Xik: hlevana; banana

Rhavi ra xivangelo

Rhavi leri ri komba leswaku nhlokomhaka yi boha xiendliwa ku endla swin’wana. Rhavi leri ri tihlawulekisa hi xilandzi -is-. Xik: rhwarisa; ambarisa.

Rhavi leri nkarhi wun’wana ri nga tirha hi ndlela leyi: ambexa; pfuxa

Rhavi ra Xidzimelo

Rhavi leri ri komba leswaku mhaka yi endliwa hi ku hetiseka.

Rhavi leri ri vumbiwa hi ku tirhisa xilandzi -isis-. Xik: hetisisa; vonisisa

Rhavi ra Xivuyevuye

Rhavi leri ri komba leswaku mhaka yi endliwa ko tala.

Rhavi leri ri tirhisa xilandzi -etel-. Xik: tirhetela; khometela.

  • Rhavi ra Ntsongahato

Rhavi leri ri komba leswaku leswi endliwaka swi endliwa hi vuntsongo

Rhavi leri ri vumbiwa hi ku tirhisa xilandzi xa ntsongahato -nyana. Xik: dyananyana; tsalanyana

Rhavi ra Xitlhandlulo

Rhavi leri ri komba leswaku mhaka yi tlheriseriwa lomu yi humaka kona. Rhavi leri ri tirhisa xilandzi -ulna -ulul-. Xik: tlhavula; simula

Rhavi ra Xikotelo /xiendleko

Rhavi leri ri komba leswaku mhaka ya endleka kumbe yi olovile ku yi tirha. Rhavi leri ri vumbiwa hi swilandzi -ek- na -akak-. Xik: tswaleka; rhumeka

Rhavi ra Xitlhelelo

Rhavi leri ri komba leswaku mhaka yi tlhelela eka muendli wa yona.

Rhavi leri ri vumbiwa hi ku tirhisa xirhangi xa xitlhelelo ti-. Xik: tirhandza; tivona

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