Swihluvi swa Mbulavulo ya Xitsonga Grammar Swihluvi swa Mbulavulo ya Xitsonga, or simply Xitsonga grammar, is the set of rules and principles that dictate how words are combined to form meaningful sentences in the Xitsonga language. It encompasses various elements such as word order, noun classes, concords, tense, aspect, mood, and more, all of which contribute to the rich expressiveness of the language.
Loko hi ri karhi hi vulavula kumbe ku tsala ririmi ra Xitsonga hi tirhisa Swihluvi swa mbulavulo. Hi na tinxaka leti landzelaka ta swihluvi swa mbulavulo:
Swihluvi swa mbulavulo
- Maviti,
- maendli,
- masivi,
- mabumabumeri,
- maencisi,
- mahlamari,
- maengeteri
- mahlanganisi.
Riviti
Riviti i rito leri kombaka vukona bya n’wanchumu kumbe xanchumu xi vitaniwaka hi rona. Ku ni tinxaka ta mune ta maviti.
- Rivitavito : leri i riviti leri thyiweke xan’wanchumu. Nchumu lowu wu nyikiwile vito leri wu hlawulekisaka exikarhi ka man’wana maviti. Xikombiso: Pitori, Hlamarisa, Mahlori na man’wana.
- Rivitaswilo: leri i riviti leri hi kombaka rixaka ra xanchumu xa kona wu va wu yimele minchumu hinkwayo ya rixaka rero. Xikombiso: munhu, mbuti, ntshava, mufana na man’wana.
- Rivitantlawa: leri i riviti leri kombaka ntlawa wa swilo. Xikombiso: tshwinga, xichocho, tshengwe na man’wana.
- Rivitaswianakanyiwa: leri i riviti leri kombaka xan’wanchumu lexi nga voniwiki hi mahlo, kambe xi vumbeka emiehleketweni.Xikombiso: vuloyi, vulolo, vutivi na man’wana.
Mintlawa ya maviti
Ntlawa | Xirhangi | Ntsengo | Xikombiso |
1 | mu- | Vun’we | Mutirhi |
2 | va- | Vunyingi | Vatirhi |
1a | – | Vun’we | Kokwana |
2a | va- | Vunyingi | Vakokwana |
3 | mu- | Vun’we | Murhi |
4 | mi- | Vunyingi | Mirhi |
5 | ri- | Vun’we | Ribye |
6 | ma- | Vunyingi | Maribye |
7 | xi- | Vun’we | Xikolo |
8 | swi- | Vunyingi | Swikolo |
9 | yi(n) | Vun’we | Yindlu |
10 | ti(n) | Vunyingi | Tindlu |
11 | ri- | Vun’we | Rintiho |
14 | vu- | Xihavantsengo | Vuputsu |
15 | ku- | Xihavantsengo | Ku tirha |
16 | Ha | Xihavantsengo | Handle |
17 | ku- | Xihavantsengo | Kusuhi |
18 | mu- | Xihavantsengo | Ndzhaku |
21 | dyi- | Vun’we | Dyinambu |